The molecular phylogeny of Fraxinus was first presented at the Botany 2000 conference (abstract). The phylogeny and a proposed new classification was included in my PhD thesis (Wallander 2001). The molecular analysis was thereafter expanded and the classification revised again. It was finally published in 2008:
Wallander, E. 2008. Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy. Plant Syst Evol 273: 25-49. [PDF]
| Section | Species | A few common synonyms | English name | Distribution |
| Dipetalae | anomala Torr. ex S. Wats. | lowelli Sarg., potosina T. S. Brandeg. | Dwarf Ash, Singleleaf Ash, Utah Ash | SW USA, N Mexico |
| dipetala Hook. et Arn. | jonesii Lingelsh., trifoliata (Torr.) Lewis & Epling, parryi Moran | Two-petal Ash, Foothill Ash, California Flowering Ash | SW USA, N Mexico (Baja California) | |
| quadrangulata Michx. | Blue Ash | E & C USA, C Canada | ||
| Ornus | apertisquamifera Hara | Japan | ||
| bungeana DC | Bunge Ash | China | ||
| floribunda Wall. | insularis Hemsl., odontocalyx Handel-Mazzetti ex E. Peter, retusa Champ. ex Benth. | C & E Asia (from Afghanistan to Japan) | ||
| griffithii G. B. Clarke | bracteata Hemsley, eedenii Boerl. & Koord., ferruginea Lingelsh., formosana Hayata, philippinensis Merr. | E Asia (from NE India to Japan and Indonesia) | ||
| lanuginosa Koidz. var. lanuginosa and var. serrata (Nakai) Hara | Japan | |||
| malacophylla Hemsl. | retusifoliolata Feng ex P. Y. Bai | China, Thailand | ||
| ornus L. | Manna Ash | Mediterranean area, N Africa and SW Asia | ||
| paxiana Lingelsh. | depauperata (Lingelsh.) Z. Wei, sikkimensis (Lingelsh.) Handel-Mazzetti, suaveolens W. W. Smith | Himalayas, China | ||
| raibocarpa Regel | C Asia (Turkestan mountains, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan) | |||
| sieboldiana Blume | mariesii Hook. f. | Chinese Flowering Ash | China, Japan, Korea | |
| trifoliolata W. W. Smith | punctata S. Y. Hu | China | ||
| baroniana Diels | China | |||
| chinensis Roxb. | caudata J. L. Wu, lingelsheimii Rehder, japonica Blume ex K. Koch, medicinalis S. S. Sun, rhynchophylla Hance, sargentiana Lingelsh., szaboana Lingelsh., yunnanensis Lingelsh. | Chinese Ash | China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam | |
| longicuspis Sieb. & Zucc. | borealis Nakai, pubinervis Blume | Japanese Ash | Japan | |
| micrantha Lingelsh. | C Asia (Punjab to Nepal, Himalayas) | |||
| Fraxinus | angustifolia Vahl. ssp. angustifolia | rotundifolia Mill. (nom. rejected), parvifolia Lam. (nom. illegit.) oxyphylla ssp. angustifolia (Vahl) P. Fourn., oxycarpa Willd. var. angustifolia (Vahl) Lingelsh., excelsior L. ssp. excelsior var. angustifolia (Vahl) Fiori & Paol. | Narrow-leaved Ash | SW Europe |
| angustifolia Vahl. ssp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso | oxycarpa Willd., oxyphylla M. Bieb. (nom. illeg.), pallisiae A. J. Willmott, pojarkoviana V.N.Vassil. | Caucasian Ash | SE Europe | |
| angustifolia Vahl. ssp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt. | syriaca Boiss., oxycarpa Willd. var. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt., potamophila Herder, regelii Dippel, sogdiana Bunge | Syrian Ash | W & E Asia (Turkey to Pakistan and Russia) and Algeria | |
| excelsior L. | Common Ash, European Ash | C & N Europe | ||
| mandshurica Rupr. | nigra ssp. mandshurica (Rupr.) S. S. Sun, mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. | Manchurian Ash | E Asia (China, Japan, Korea, E Russia) | |
| nigra Marsh. | sambucifolia Lam. | Black Ash (swamp ash, water ash, brown ash, hoop ash, basket ash) | E USA, E Canada | |
| platypoda Oliv. | China | |||
| Melioides | americana L. | biltmoreana Beadle | White Ash, American ash | E USA, E Canada |
| berlandieriana A. DC. | Berlandier Ash, Mexican Ash, Arizona Ash | SW USA, NE Mexico | ||
| caroliniana Mill. | cubensis Griseb., pauciflora Nutt., hybrida Lingelsh., floridana (Wenzig) Sarg. | Water Ash, Carolina Ash, Florida Ash, Swamp Ash, Pop Ash | SE USA | |
| latifolia Benth. | oregona Nutt. | Oregon Ash | W USA | |
| papillosa Lingelsh. | Chihuahuan Ash | SW USA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico, Texas), Mexico (W Chihuahua, NE Sonora) | ||
| pennsylvanica Marsh. | lanceolata Borkh. | Red Ash, Green Ash | C & E USA, Canada | |
| profunda (Bush) Bush | tomentosa Michx. f., michauxii Britt. | Pumpkin Ash | E USA | |
| texensis A. Gray | Texas Ash, Mountain Ash | USA (Texas) | ||
| uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsh. | americana L. var. uhdei, cavekiana Standley & Steyerm., chiapensis Lundell, hondurensis Standley | Shamel Ash, Tropical Ash, Mexican Ash, Fresno | Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, USA (Hawaii, Puerto Rico) | |
| velutina Torr | attenuata M.E. Jones, pistaciaefolia Torr., toumeyi Britton, standleyi Rehder | Velvet Ash, Arizona Ash, Desert Ash, Leatherleaf Ash, Smooth Ash, Toumey Ash, Fresno | SW USA, N Mexico | |
| Pauciflorae | dubia (Willd. ex Schult & Schult f.) P. S. Green & M. Nee | schideana Schlecht. & Cham., petenensis Lundell | Mexico, Guatemala | |
| gooddingii Little | Goodding's Ash | SW USA (Arizona), N Mexico | ||
| greggii A. Gray | schiedeana var. parviflora Torr, nummularis M. E. Jones | Gregg's Ash, Littleleaf Ash | SW USA, Mexico | |
| purpusii Brandegee | vellerea Standley & Steyerm., bicolor Standley & Steyerm. | Mexico, Guatemala | ||
| rufescens Lingelsh. | Mexico | |||
| Sciadanthus | xanthoxyloides (G. Don) DC. | dimorpha Coss. & Dur. | Afghan Ash, Algerian Ash | N Africa (Algeria, Morocco) to Asia (Afghanistan to China) |
| hubeiensis S. Z. Qu, C. B. Shang & P. L. Su | China | |||
| incertae sedis | cuspidata Torr. | macropetala Eastw. | Fragrant Ash, Flowering Ash | SW USA, Mexico |
| chiisanensis Nakai | Korea | |||
| spaethiana Lingelsh. | Japan |
Maintained by Eva Wallander | Last updated: 2010-02-122